Inertial Navigation System (INS) is one of the navigation systems widely used in various land-based, aerial, and marine applications. Among all types of INS, Microelectromechanical System (MEMS)-based INS can be widely utilized, owing to their low cost, lightweight, and small size. However, due to the manufacturing technology, MEMS-based INS suffers from deterministic and stochastic errors, which increase positioning errors over time. In this paper, a new effective noise reduction method is proposed that can provide more accurate outputs of MEMS-based inertial sensors. The intelligent method in this paper is a combined denoising method that combines Wavelet Transform (WT), Permutation Entropy (PE), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Firstly, WT is employed to obtain a time-frequency representation of raw data. Secondly, a four-element feature vector is formed. These four features are (1) amplitude of frequency, (2) its ratio to mean of amplitudes of all frequencies, (3) location of frequency in time-frequency representation, and (4) judgment on behaviors of frequency that is obtained by utilizing PE. Thirdly, based on the feature vector, the GA-SVR algorithm predicts amplitudes of all frequencies in the time-frequency representation of the denoised signal. Finally, by employing inverse WT the denoised signal is obtained. In this work, the outputs of the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) in ADIS16407 sensor, as a low-cost and MEMS-based INS, have been utilized for data collection. The proposed method has been compared with other noise reduction methods and the achieved results verify superior improvement than other methods.

A High-gain, fully balanced preamplifier is presented. The proposed structure advantages flipped voltage follower scheme to achieve a compact current conveyor with very low input impedance. The presented current conveyor then is used as a core element to realize a high-gain, gm-enhanced trans-conductance amplifier. The presented amplifier is suitable for application as a preamplifier. The high gain of amplifier makes it very suitable to be configured in a feedback form to deliver a high-precision predefined or programmable amplification gain. The proposed structure draws a very low power of 150nW from a 0.6V supply voltage. The Spectre Post-layout simulations with TSMC 180nm CMOS technology have been performed. The proposed amplifier exhibits an open-loop DC gain of 141.5dB and 3-dB frequency bandwidth of 2.4kHz at 60dB closed-loop configuration. The load capacitance is set to be 5pF. The proposed structure also delivers high CMRR and PSRR values of 148.3dB and 153.7dB, respectively.

The purpose of the current research was to investigate the obstacles to the implementation of school-based management in Iran's educational system based on the interpretive structural modeling approach. The research method was a modeling study. The statistical population of the research was specifically the academic staff members of the university, 25 of whom were purposefully selected from the desired cases. The data collection tool was a researcher-made self-interactive questionnaire. In order to measure and evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, the criterion of content validity was used. The content validity of the questionnaire was 0.96. The data analysis was done with interpretive structural modeling method. The results of the research showed that 9 factors play a role as barriers to school-oriented management. Also, the results showed that financial obstacles (the cost of school-oriented management), socio-cultural obstacles and political obstacles (political focus on schools by the central government) as key independent variables have high influence power and low dependence. Also, the results showed that the lack of belief in the professional competence of school administrators, the lack of infrastructure facilities, the emphasis of upper management on the supervision and control of schools, and the lack of cooperation of local communities with school-based management as the linking variables with the greatest power of influence and the greatest power of dependence. and the centralism in the education system of the country and the lack of legal powers to school managers and staff as dependent variables have high dependency power and low influence power.

In this paper, recommended spiral passive micromixer was designed and simulated. spiral design has the potential to create and strengthen the centrifugal force and the secondary flow. A series of simulations were carried out to evaluate the effects of channel width, channel depth, the gap between loops, and flowrate on the micromixer performance. These features impact the contact area of the two fluids and ultimately lead to an increment in the quality of the mixture. In this study, for the flow rate of 25 μl/min and molecular diffusion coefficient of 1×10-10 m2/s, mixing efficiency of more than 90% is achieved after 30 (approximately one-third of the total channel length). Finally, the optimized design fabricated using proposed 3D printing method.